轿车三维分离流动特性的研究

本文介绍了使用激光片光技术及激光多普勒测速仪对某型国产轿车尾流的三维分离流的尾迹和速度分布测定的试验研究。本项研究表明，光学流态显示和数字图象技术相结合，可以有效地揭示汽车的尾流结构，诊断阻力来源，本项研究为建立汽车三维分离流动的动态仿真理论模型提供了依据。     

小型铣刨机车体升降油缸动态过程的分析

通过对小型铣刨机车体升降系统的简化,建立了液压缸运动速度与流量的传递函数,并且在系统参数静态设计方法的基础上,考虑了系统参数对其动态特性的影响.     

非港湾式公交停车对道路交通流的影响分析

公交车进出站点不仅影响本身,也给其他车辆运行带来很大干扰。文章首先比较全面地分析非港湾式公交停车影响下道路交通流特征,然后借助于EXCEL软件,构建关于公交停车频率、公交停车时间、最大公交停车长度及其存在时间、道路流量的车速和车头时距多元线性模型,并进行了严格的数学检验。该研究为合理分析路段交通流状况、正确计算区间行驶车速与车头时距提供了依据。     

Experimental and empirical investigations of traffic flow instability

Traffic instability is an important but undesirable feature of traffic flow. This paper reports our experimental and empirical studies on traffic flow instability. We have carried out a large scale experiment to study the car-following behavior in a 51-car-platoon. The experiment has reproduced the phenomena and confirmed the findings in our previous 25-car-platoon experiment, i.e., standard deviation of vehicle speeds increases in a concave way along the platoon. Based on our experimental results, we argue that traffic speed rather than vehicle spacing (or density) might be a better indicator of traffic instability, because vehicles can have different spacing under the same speed. For these drivers, there exists a critical speed between 30 km/h and 40 km/h, above which the standard deviation of car velocity is almost saturated (flat) along the 51-car-platoon, indicating that the traffic flow is likely to be stable. In contrast, below this critical speed, traffic flow is unstable and can lead to the formation of traffic jams. Traffic data from the Nanjing Airport Highway support the experimental observation of existence of a critical speed. Based on these findings, we propose an alternative mechanism of traffic instability: the competition between stochastic factors and the so-called speed adaptation effect, which can better explain the concave growth of speed standard deviation in traffic flow.     

船用离心泵状态监测

实现机舱设备实时状态监测及评估是智能船舶以及无人机舱发展过程中的重要部分,也是事后维修、定期维修向视情维修转变过程的关键技术.本文利用最小二乘多项式拟合法对实验数据进行拟合,得到离心泵Q-H特性曲线拟合多项式.在某一进出口压差下,比较拟合流量和监测流量之间的差值来表征离心泵实时性能状态,并通过设置不同程度的泄露故障验证该方法的有效性.相比于用CFD软件建模仿真以及监测振动等方法,该方法可行性强、简单实用、成本较低,具有重要的实际工程应用价值.     

潜艇均衡系统自流注水调节阀稳态噪声试验研究

本文模拟建立了潜艇均衡系统自流注水试验系统,对不同假海压力、不同系统流量、不同出口背压及串联2台调节阀时自流注水稳定过程振动噪声进行研究。结果表明:潜艇均衡注水振动噪声随着假海深度的增大而增大;空气噪声随流量调节阀开度的增大而增大,在流量调节阀开度为60°-70°之间,振动加速度及水动力噪声产生峰值;在出口背压为0-0.5 MPa之间时,振动噪声值均大于无背压状态,峰值为0.2 MPa;串联2台流量调节阀可大幅降低自流注水振动噪声。     

鱼雷发动机三组元比例控制器数值模拟

利用计算流体力学软件Pumplinx模拟鱼雷发动机中三组元比例控制器的内部流场,分析计算中不同压差情况下对比例控制器性能的影响,以及叶片与定子间间隙大小对于比例控制器性能的影响,同时对不同叶片数目下性能进行对比。计算结果表明:由于比例控制器为被动旋转马达结构,其转速和流量均随时间呈周期性脉动变化,随着工作压差增大,转速脉动幅度基本保持不变,而流量和扭矩脉动幅值增加;随着间隙增大,泄漏量增大,但流量、扭矩、转速脉动幅值大幅降低,出口流量较为平稳;叶片数目增多后比例控制器转速降低、排量降低。由计算结果推断出目前比例控制器的最优叶片数目为4。本文可为进一步研究比例控制器精度问题提供参考。     

Continuum theory for pedestrian traffic flow: Local route choice modelling and its implications

This contribution puts forward a novel multi-class continuum model that captures some of the key dynamic features of pedestrian flows. It considers route choice behaviour on both the strategic (pre-trip) and tactical (en-route) level. To achieve this, we put forward a class-specific equilibrium direction relation of the pedestrians, which is governed by two parts: one part describing the global route choice, which is pre-determined based on the expectations of the pedestrians, and one part describing the local route choice, which is a density-gradient dependent term that reflects local adaptations based on prevailing flow conditions.Including the local route choice term in the multi-class model causes first of all dispersion of the flow: pedestrians will move away from high density areas in order to reduce their overall walking costs. Second of all, for the crossing flow and bi-directional flow cases, local route choice causes well known self-organised patterns to emerge (i.e. diagonal stripes and bi-directional lanes). We study under which demand conditions self-organisation occurs and fails, as well as what the impact is of the choices of the different model parameters. In particular, the differences in the weights reflecting the impact of the own and the other classes appear to have a very strong impact on the self-organisation process.     

水下容器开启过程流场特性仿真研究

水下容器开启过程中,海水快速灌入容器内,对载体的平衡产生较大的影响.采用Mixture多相流计算模型求解气液两相流场,网格更新方法采用域动分层法,对不同开启角度进行数值计算.结果表明:开启角度越小,容器底部压力和容器内部进水量波动越大,且峰值越大,随着开启角度的增大,两者波动范围有所减缓,研究成果可为水下容器总体设计、系统使用流程优化提供理论支撑.     

舰船开孔流动噪声控制措施研究

基于计算流体软件,采用大涡模拟方法计算了给定来流速度条件下表面开孔的非定常流场,分析了流场的非定常流频谱特性,采用边界元方法模拟了噪声源特征,对各种流动噪声控制措施进行了对比分析.计算结果表明,开孔形式的改变会直接影响流噪声的水平,设计结果可以为舰船流水孔的降噪设计提供参考.